A peptic ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus due to the breakdown of the protective mucosal barrier. These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the natural defenses that protect the gastrointestinal tract. Peptic ulcers can cause discomfort, pain, and serious complications, including bleeding, perforation, or obstruction of the digestive tract.
Types of Peptic Ulcers
There are two main types of peptic ulcers, based on their location:
- Gastric Ulcer: These ulcers occur in the lining of the stomach. They are typically associated with increased acid production or an infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria.
- Duodenal Ulcer: These are the most common type of peptic ulcer, occurring in the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). They are often linked to H. pylori infection or the overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Causes and Risk Factors of Peptic Ulcer
Several factors contribute to the development of peptic ulcers, including:
- H. pylori infection: A bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of peptic ulcers. The bacteria disrupt the stomach lining and make it more susceptible to damage from stomach acid.
- NSAIDs and Aspirin: Chronic use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen or aspirin can irritate the stomach lining and lead to ulcer formation by inhibiting the production of protective mucus.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can erode the stomach lining, making it more prone to ulceration.
- Smoking: Smoking reduces the production of bicarbonate, a substance that helps neutralize stomach acid, increasing the risk of ulcer formation.
- Stress: While stress itself doesn’t directly cause ulcers, it can exacerbate symptoms and contribute to increased acid production.
- Family history: A family history of peptic ulcers may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer
The symptoms of peptic ulcers can vary depending on the severity and location of the ulcer, but common signs include:
- Burning stomach pain or discomfort, usually between meals or at night, that improves with eating or taking antacids.
- Nausea or vomiting, often accompanied by a loss of appetite.
- Bloating or feeling full after eating small amounts of food.
- Indigestion or heartburn-like symptoms.
- Weight loss or blood in vomit or stool (in severe cases, this may indicate bleeding ulcers).
When to Seek Medical Help for Peptic Ulcer?
If you experience persistent stomach pain, vomit blood, or have black, tarry stools, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention. These could be signs of a bleeding ulcer, which requires urgent treatment.
Related Terms to Peptic Ulcer
FAQs for Peptic Ulcer
When should I go to the ER for peptic ulcer?
If you experience severe abdominal pain, fainting, or confusion, seek emergency care immediately.
How can heat and dehydration affect peptic ulcer symptoms?
In hot climates like the UAE, dehydration may worsen symptoms, especially during fasting or long-haul travel.
What are some ways to reduce the risk of peptic ulcers?
Maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding excessive alcohol, and managing stress can help reduce risk.
